From Charity to Civic Engagement: Reframing Zakat as a Citizenship Philanthropy Movement

Abstract

Purpose
This study aims to explore the role of zakat as a form of philanthropic citizenship in Indonesia, examining how it can move beyond traditional charity to foster civic awareness, social solidarity, and participatory community development. The study seeks to highlight zakat’s potential in empowering citizens as co-actors in achieving social justice and sustainable welfare.

Design/Methodology/Approach
The study employs a qualitative approach, combining literature review, document analysis, and examination of zakat institutional practices in Indonesia. Data were analyzed thematically to identify the mechanisms through which zakat promotes civic participation, community empowerment, and inclusive social development.

Findings
Findings indicate that zakat has evolved into a participatory, civic-oriented practice that engages both donors and recipients as active contributors to societal development. Digitalization and community-based programs enhance transparency, participation, and social capital, while challenges such as limited literacy, institutional capacity gaps, and unequal engagement remain.

Research limitations/implications

The study is limited to the Indonesian context and primarily relies on secondary data and institutional reports. Future research is recommended to empirically test the philanthropic citizenship model in various local settings, and to assess its impact on social cohesion, economic empowerment, and civic engagement.

Practical implications

The study suggests that zakat institutions should adopt participatory governance, co-creation programs with beneficiaries, and digital platforms to strengthen transparency, accountability, and active civic involvement. Policies supporting collaborative zakat initiatives can enhance the effectiveness of social welfare interventions.

Social implications
By promoting civic engagement, social responsibility, and inclusive community development, zakat can contribute to broader social cohesion, empowerment of marginalized groups, and the cultivation of an active, responsible citizenry.

Originality/value
This study offers a novel perspective on zakat as a civic-oriented philanthropic tool, shifting the discourse from individual religious obligation to collective social action, and providing insights into integrating faith-based giving with civic development strategies