Spatio-Temporal ZIS Demand Mapping: Identifying High-Potential Areas for Zakat Mobilization using Google Search Data

Abstract

The rapid digitalization of religious behavior has opened new opportunities to understand and enhance zakat mobilization through data-driven methods. This study investigates the spatio-temporal and semantic dynamics of zakat, infaq, and shadaqah (ZIS) interest in Indonesia using Google Trends data from 2022 to 2025. Employing a descriptive-analytic approach, the research explores weekly search intensity, regional distribution, and user query patterns to identify high-potential zones for ZIS mobilization. The findings reveal strong seasonal fluctuations, with significant spikes in zakat searches during Ramadan, followed by sharp declines afterward. Regional analysis highlights provinces such as Kalimantan Selatan, Jawa Timur, and Jawa Tengah as key interest centers, while semantic analysis indicates that most queries remain informational focusing on definitions, intentions (niat zakat), and ritual obligations (zakat fitrah). These insights are synthesized into the proposed ZIS Mobilization Intelligence Framework (ZMIF), integrating behavioral, spatial, and semantic intelligence to support data-informed decision-making in Islamic social finance. The framework demonstrates how digital search behavior can serve as an early indicator of philanthropic intent, offering a predictive and prescriptive tool for optimizing outreach and collection strategies. While the study is limited by the use of a single data source Google Trends it establishes a foundation for future integration with social media analytics, donation platform data, and socio-economic mapping. This research contributes to the evolving discourse on digital zakat governance, emphasizing that beyond technology, intelligent data use is essential for achieving shared prosperity and sustainable human development.